Košík 0x
0,00 €
Košík 0x
0,00 €
| Dĺżka [mm] | 119,6 |
| żírka [mm] | 47 |
| Hrúbka [mm] | 15 |
| Výstrażný kontakt opotrebenia | s akustickym upozornenim opotrebenia |
Sada brzdových platničiek kotúčovej brzdy ASHUKI by Palidium T111-01
Autodiely > Sada brzdových platničiek kotúčovej brzdy ASHUKI by Palidium
| Model | Rok | Kód motora | KW | CCM |
|---|---|---|---|---|
TOYOTA |
||||
TOYOTA STARLET (_P8_) |
||||
| 1.0 (EP80_, EP80R) | 1989 - 1992 | 1E | 40 | 999 |
| 1.3 12V (EP81_, EP81R) | 1989 - 1992 | 2E, 2E-E | 55 | 1296 |
| 1.3 12V Cat (EP81) | 1989 - 1996 | 2E-E | 55 | 1296 |
| 1.3 XL (EP81) | 1989 - 1991 | 2E | 52 | 1295 |
TOYOTA COROLLA Compact (_E9_) |
||||
| 1.3 | 1987 - 1992 | 2E | 60 | 1295 |
| 1.6 (AE92) | 1987 - 1992 | 4A-F | 66 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AE92) | 1989 - 1992 | 4A-F | 70 | 1587 |
| 1.6 GL 4WD (AE95) | 1987 - 1990 | 4A-F | 70 | 1587 |
| 1.6 GTi (AE92, AE93) | 1987 - 1994 | 4A-GE | 85 | 1587 |
| 1.6 i (AE92) | 1989 - 1992 | 4A-FE | 77 | 1587 |
| 1.8 D (CE90) | 1987 - 1992 | 1C | 47 | 1839 |
| 1.8 D (CE90) | 1989 - 1992 | 1C | 49 | 1839 |
TOYOTA COROLLA Liftback (_E8_) |
||||
| 1.3 (AE80) | 1983 - 1984 | 2A-L | 51 | 1295 |
| 1.3 (EE80) | 1985 - 1987 | 2E-L, 2E-LC | 55 | 1296 |
| 1.6 (AE82) | 1985 - 1987 | 4A-LC | 54 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AE82) | 1983 - 1987 | 4A-L | 62 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AE82) | 1985 - 1989 | 4A-LC | 58 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AE82_, AE82R) | 1985 - 1988 | 4A-L | 63 | 1587 |
| 1.8 D (CE80) | 1983 - 1987 | 1C-L | 47 | 1839 |
| 1.8 D (CE80_, CE80R) | 1983 - 1988 | 1C | 43 | 1839 |
TOYOTA COROLLA (_E8_) |
||||
| 1.3 (AE80) | 1983 - 1984 | 2A-L | 51 | 1295 |
| 1.3 (EE80) | 1984 - 1987 | 2E-L, 2E-LC | 55 | 1295 |
| 1.6 (AE82) | 1983 - 1987 | 4A-L | 62 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AE82) | 1985 - 1987 | 4A-LC | 53 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AE82_, AE82R) | 1985 - 1988 | 4A-LC | 54 | 1587 |
| 1.8 D (CE80_, CE80R) | 1983 - 1988 | 1C | 43 | 1839 |
| 1.8 D (CE80_, CE80R) | 1983 - 1989 | 1C-L | 47 | 1839 |
TOYOTA TERCEL (_L1_, _L2_) |
||||
| 1.3 (AL20, AL11) | 1979 - 1988 | 2A | 48 | 1295 |
| 1.5 (AL21) | 1983 - 1985 | 3A-C | 52 | 1452 |
TOYOTA COROLLA (_E11_) |
||||
| 1.3 (EE110) | 1997 - 2001 | 2E | 55 | 1295 |
| 1.3 (EE111_) | 1997 - 1999 | 4E-FE | 63 | 1332 |
| 1.4 (EE111_, EE111R) | 1997 - 1999 | 4E-FE | 63 | 1332 |
| 1.4 16V (ZZE111_, ZZE111R) | 2000 - 2001 | 4ZZ-FE | 71 | 1398 |
| 1.6 (AE111) | 1995 - 2000 | 4A-FE | 81 | 1587 |
| 1.6 16V (ZZE112_, ZZE112R) | 1999 - 2001 | 3ZZ-FE | 81 | 1598 |
| 1.6 Aut. (AE111_, AE111R) | 1997 - 2000 | 4A-FE | 79 | 1587 |
| 1.6 i 20V (AE111) | 1998 - 2000 | 4A-GE (20V) | 115 | 1587 |
| 1.8 (AE112) | 1997 - 2002 | 7A-FE | 85 | 1762 |
| 1.8 (AE112_) | 1997 - 2001 | 7A-FE | 81 | 1762 |
| 1.9 D (WZE110_, WZE110R) | 2000 - 2001 | 1WZ | 51 | 1867 |
| 2.0 D (CE110_, CE110R) | 1997 - 2000 | 2C-E | 53 | 1975 |
TOYOTA COROLLA FX Liftback (E8B) |
||||
| 1.3 (EE80_, EE80) | 1985 - 1987 | 2E-L, 2E-LC | 55 | 1295 |
| 1.6 | 1987 - 1987 | 4A-LC | 54 | 1587 |
| 1.6 | 1984 - 1987 | 4A-C | 55 | 1587 |
| 1.6 GT 16V (AE82_) | 1985 - 1987 | 4A-GEL | 89 | 1587 |
| 1.8 D (CE80_, CE80) | 1985 - 1987 | 1C-L | 47 | 1839 |
| 1.8 D (CE80_, CE80) | 1985 - 1988 | 1C | 43 | 1839 |
TOYOTA COROLLA Station Wagon (_E9_) |
||||
| 1.3 (EE90) | 1989 - 1992 | 2E | 55 | 1296 |
| 1.3 (EE90_, EE90R) | 1987 - 1992 | 2E | 60 | 1295 |
| 1.6 (AE92) | 1988 - 1992 | 4A-F | 66 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AE92) | 1987 - 1992 | 4A-F | 70 | 1587 |
| 1.6 4WD (AE95) | 1988 - 1995 | 4A-FE | 77 | 1587 |
| 1.6 4WD (AE95) | 1988 - 1992 | 4A-F | 70 | 1587 |
| 1.6 XLI (AE92_, AE92R) | 1989 - 1992 | 4A-FE | 77 | 1587 |
| 1.6 XLI 4WD | 1989 - 1995 | 4A-FE | 81 | 1587 |
| 1.8 D (CE90) | 1987 - 1992 | 1C | 47 | 1839 |
| 1.8 D (CE90) | 1989 - 1992 | 1C | 49 | 1839 |
TOYOTA COROLLA (_E9_) |
||||
| 1.3 (EE90) | 1987 - 1992 | 2E | 60 | 1295 |
| 1.3 i (EE90) | 1989 - 1992 | 2E, 2E-E | 55 | 1296 |
| 1.6 (AE92) | 1987 - 1992 | 4A-F | 66 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AE92) | 1987 - 1994 | 4A-GE | 85 | 1587 |
| 1.6 GL 4WD (AE95) | 1987 - 1990 | 4A-F | 70 | 1587 |
| 1.6 i (AE92) | 1987 - 1992 | 4A-FE | 77 | 1587 |
| 1.6 i 4WD (AE92_, AE92R) | 1987 - 1990 | 4A-FE | 77 | 1587 |
| 1.8 D (CE90_, CE90R) | 1989 - 1993 | 1C | 49 | 1839 |
| 1.8 D (CE90_, CE90R) | 1987 - 1993 | 1C | 47 | 1839 |
TOYOTA COROLLA Liftback (_E9_) |
||||
| 1.3 (EE90) | 1987 - 1992 | 2E | 60 | 1295 |
| 1.3 i (EE90) | 1987 - 1992 | 2E, 2E-E | 55 | 1296 |
| 1.6 (AE92) | 1987 - 1992 | 4A-F | 66 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AE92) | 1989 - 1992 | 4A-FE | 77 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AE92) | 1987 - 1992 | 4A-F | 70 | 1587 |
| 1.6 4WD | 1989 - 1992 | 4A-FE | 77 | 1587 |
| 1.6 EFi (AE92, AE93) | 1992 - 1997 | 4A-FE | 85 | 1587 |
| 1.6 GTI (AE92_, AE92R) | 1987 - 1993 | 4A-GE | 92 | 1587 |
| 1.8 D (CE90) | 1987 - 1992 | 1C | 47 | 1839 |
| 1.8 D (CE90) | 1989 - 1992 | 1C | 49 | 1839 |
TOYOTA TERCEL Liftback (_L3_) |
||||
| 1.3 (EL41_, EL41) | 1990 - 1994 | 4E-FE | 65 | 1332 |
TOYOTA TERCEL Schrägheck (EL5_) |
||||
| 1.3 (EL51_, EL51) | 1994 - 1999 | 4E-FE | 65 | 1332 |
TOYOTA STARLET (_P9_) |
||||
| 1.3 (EP91_, EP91R) | 1996 - 1999 | 4E-FE | 55 | 1332 |
TOYOTA COROLLA Compact (_E10_) |
||||
| 1.3 12V (EE100_, EE100R) | 1992 - 1995 | 2E | 53 | 1296 |
| 1.6 i (AE101) | 1994 - 1999 | 4A-FE | 78 | 1587 |
TOYOTA COROLLA Liftback (_E10_) |
||||
| 1.3 12V (EE100_, EE100R) | 1992 - 1995 | 2E | 53 | 1296 |
TOYOTA COROLLA (_E10_) |
||||
| 1.3 12V (EE100_, EE100R) | 1992 - 1997 | 2E | 53 | 1296 |
| 1.6 (AE101) | 1991 - 1995 | 4A-FE | 76 | 1587 |
| 1.6 i 20V (AE101) | 1991 - 1998 | 4A-GE (20V) | 117 | 1587 |
| 1.6 Si (AE101_, AE101R) | 1995 - 1997 | 4A-FE | 84 | 1587 |
| 1.8 i (AE102) | 1992 - 1997 | 7A-FE | 85 | 1762 |
TOYOTA COROLLA Kombi (_E10_) |
||||
| 1.3 12V (EE100_, EE100R) | 1992 - 1995 | 2E | 53 | 1296 |
TOYOTA COROLLA Kombi (_E11_) |
||||
| 1.4 (EE111_, EE111R) | 1997 - 2000 | 4E-FE | 63 | 1332 |
| 1.4 16V (ZZE111_, ZZE111R) | 2000 - 2001 | 4ZZ-FE | 71 | 1398 |
| 1.6 (AE111_, AE111R) | 1997 - 2000 | 4A-FE | 81 | 1587 |
| 1.6 16V (ZZE112_, ZZE112R) | 2000 - 2001 | 3ZZ-FE | 81 | 1598 |
| 1.6 Aut. (AE111_, AE111R) | 1997 - 2000 | 4A-FE | 79 | 1587 |
| 1.9 D (WZE110_, WZE110R) | 2000 - 2001 | 1WZ | 51 | 1867 |
| 2.0 D (CE110_, CE110R) | 1997 - 2000 | 2C-E | 53 | 1975 |
TOYOTA COROLLA Compact (_E11_) |
||||
| 1.4 (EE111_, EE111R) | 1997 - 1999 | 4E-FE | 63 | 1332 |
| 1.4 (ZZE111_, ZZE111R) | 1999 - 2002 | 4ZZ-FE | 71 | 1398 |
| 1.6 (AE111_) | 1997 - 2000 | 4A-FE | 81 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (ZZE112_, ZZE112R) | 1999 - 2001 | 3ZZ-FE | 81 | 1598 |
| 1.6 Aut. (AE111_, AE111R) | 1997 - 2000 | 4A-FE | 79 | 1587 |
TOYOTA COROLLA Liftback (_E11_) |
||||
| 1.4 (EE111_, EE111R) | 1997 - 1999 | 4E-FE | 63 | 1332 |
| 1.4 (ZZE111_, ZZE111R) | 1999 - 2002 | 4ZZ-FE | 71 | 1398 |
| 1.6 (AE111_, AE111R) | 1997 - 2001 | 4A-FE | 81 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (ZZE112_, ZZE112R) | 2000 - 2002 | 3ZZ-FE | 81 | 1598 |
| 1.6 Aut. (AE111_) | 1997 - 2000 | 4A-FE | 79 | 1587 |
| 1.8 (AE112) | 1998 - 2001 | 7A-FE | 85 | 1762 |
TOYOTA SOLUNA (AL5_) |
||||
| 1.5 | 1996 - 2003 | 5A-FE | 70 | 1497 |
TOYOTA SPRINTER Stufenheck (_E1_) |
||||
| 1.5 (AE100_, AE100) | 1991 - 2002 | 5A-FE | 74 | 1498 |
| 2.2 TD (CE113) | 1998 - 2000 | 3C-E | 59 | 2184 |
| 2.2 TD 4WD (CE116) | 1998 - 2000 | 3C-E | 59 | 2184 |
TOYOTA COROLLA LEVIN Coupe (_E11_) |
||||
| 1.5 (AE110) | 1995 - 1998 | 5A-FE | 74 | 1498 |
TOYOTA TERCEL Stufenheck (AL1_, AL2_) |
||||
| 1.5 (AL21) | 1982 - 1985 | 3A-U | 52 | 1452 |
| 1.5 4WD (AL21) | 1982 - 1985 | 3A-U | 52 | 1452 |
TOYOTA TERCEL Kombi (AL2_) |
||||
| 1.5 (AL25) | 1982 - 1988 | 3A | 52 | 1452 |
TOYOTA CORONA Stufenheck (_T17_) |
||||
| 1.5 (AT170_, AT170) | 1987 - 1989 | 5A-F | 85 | 1498 |
| 1.5 (AT170_, AT170) | 1987 - 1989 | 5A-FE | 92 | 1498 |
TOYOTA CARINA VII Stufenheck (_T21_) |
||||
| 1.5 (AT212) | 1996 - 2001 | 5A-FE | 74 | 1498 |
TOYOTA PASEO Coupe (EL44_) |
||||
| 1.5 (EL44) | 1990 - 1995 | 5E-FE | 74 | 1497 |
TOYOTA PASEO Coupe (_L5_) |
||||
| 1.5 (EL54_, EL54) | 1995 - 1999 | 5E-FE | 81 | 1497 |
| 1.5 (EL54_, EL54) | 1995 - 1999 | 5E-FE | 85 | 1497 |
| 1.5 (EL54_, EL54R) | 1995 - 1999 | 5E-FE | 66 | 1497 |
TOYOTA PASEO Cabriolet (_L5_) |
||||
| 1.5 (EL54_, EL54C) | 1996 - 1998 | 5E-FE | 66 | 1497 |
| 1.5 (EL54_, EL54C) | 1996 - 1998 | 5E-FE | 81 | 1497 |
TOYOTA RAUM Großraumlimousine (EXZ1_) |
||||
| 1.5 (EXZ10) | 1997 - 2003 | 5E-FE | 69 | 1497 |
| 1.5 4WD (EXZ15) | 1997 - 2003 | 5E-FE | 67 | 1497 |
TOYOTA TERCEL (AL2_) |
||||
| 1.5 4WD (AL25) | 1982 - 1988 | 3A-C | 50 | 1452 |
| 1.5 4WD (AL25_, AL25) | 1982 - 1988 | 3A | 52 | 1452 |
TOYOTA SPRINTER CARIB Kombi (AE11_) |
||||
| 1.6 (AE111) | 1995 - 2001 | 4A-FE | 81 | 1587 |
TOYOTA CARINA IV Stufenheck (_T15_) |
||||
| 1.6 (AT151_, AT151R) | 1983 - 1987 | 4A-LC | 55 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AT151_, AT151R) | 1983 - 1987 | 4A-L | 62 | 1587 |
| 1.8 GLI (ST150) | 1983 - 1987 | 1S-EL | 74 | 1832 |
| 2.0 D (CT150_, CT150R) | 1984 - 1988 | 2C-L | 50 | 1974 |
TOYOTA CARINA IV (_T15_) |
||||
| 1.6 (AT151_, AT151R) | 1983 - 1987 | 4A-LC | 55 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AT151_, AT151R) | 1983 - 1987 | 4A-L | 62 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AT151_, AT151R) | 1986 - 1987 | 4A-L | 63 | 1587 |
| 1.8 GLI (ST150) | 1983 - 1987 | 1S-L | 74 | 1832 |
| 2.0 D (CT150) | 1985 - 1987 | 2C-L | 51 | 1974 |
| 2.0 D (CT150_, CT150R) | 1984 - 1988 | 2C-L | 50 | 1974 |
TOYOTA CELICA Coupe (_T16_) |
||||
| 1.6 (AT160_, AT160R) | 1986 - 1989 | 4A-L | 63 | 1587 |
| 1.6 GT 16V (AT160_, AT160R) | 1986 - 1989 | 4A-GEL | 91 | 1587 |
| 2.0 (ST162) | 1986 - 1989 | 3S-GEL, 3S-GELC | 103 | 1998 |
| 2.0 (ST162_, ST162R) | 1987 - 1989 | 3S-GEL | 110 | 1998 |
| 2.0 Turbo 4WD (ST165_, ST165) | 1988 - 1989 | 3S-GTE | 136 | 1998 |
TOYOTA CELICA Liftback (_T16_) |
||||
| 1.6 (AT160_, AT160R) | 1986 - 1989 | 4A-L | 63 | 1587 |
| 1.6 GT (AT160_, AT160R) | 1987 - 1989 | 4A-GELC | 85 | 1587 |
| 1.6 GT 16V (AT160_, AT160R) | 1985 - 1989 | 4A-GEL | 91 | 1587 |
| 1.6 GTI 16V (AT160_, AT160R) | 1988 - 1989 | 4A-GEL | 92 | 1587 |
| 2.0 GT (ST162) | 1985 - 1989 | 3S-GEL | 110 | 1998 |
| 2.0 GT (ST162_, ST162R) | 1985 - 1989 | 3S-GELC | 103 | 1998 |
TOYOTA CARINA V (_T17_) |
||||
| 1.6 (AT171_) | 1987 - 1989 | 4A-F | 66 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AT171_) | 1987 - 1992 | 4A-FE | 72 | 1587 |
| 2.0 D (CT170_) | 1988 - 1992 | 2C-L | 54 | 1974 |
TOYOTA CARINA V Stufenheck (_T17_) |
||||
| 1.6 (AT171_, AT171) | 1987 - 1990 | 4A-F | 66 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AT171_, AT171) | 1987 - 1992 | 4A-FE | 75 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AT171_, AT171) | 1987 - 1992 | 4A-FE | 72 | 1587 |
| 2.0 D (CT170_, CT170) | 1988 - 1992 | 2C | 54 | 1974 |
TOYOTA CARINA V Kombi (_T17_) |
||||
| 1.6 (AT171_, AT171) | 1987 - 1992 | 4A-FE | 72 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AT171_, AT171G) | 1987 - 1989 | 4A-F | 66 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AT171_, AT171G) | 1987 - 1992 | 4A-FE | 75 | 1587 |
| 2.0 D (CT170_, CT170) | 1987 - 1992 | 2C-L | 54 | 1974 |
TOYOTA CELICA Coupe (_T18_) |
||||
| 1.6 (AT180) | 1989 - 1993 | 4A-FE | 77 | 1587 |
TOYOTA CARINA E VI Stufenheck (_T19_) |
||||
| 1.6 (AT190) | 1993 - 1997 | 4A-FE | 79 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AT190) | 1995 - 1997 | 4A-FE | 73 | 1587 |
| 1.6 (AT190) | 1995 - 1997 | 4A-FE | 78 | 1587 |
| 1.6 16V (AT190_, AT190R) | 1994 - 1997 | 4A-FE | 85 | 1587 |
| 1.8 GL (AT191) | 1994 - 1997 | 7A-FE | 92 | 1762 |
| 1.8 i 16V (AT191) | 1995 - 1997 | 7A-FE | 79 | 1762 |
TOYOTA CORONA Stufenheck (_T19_) |
||||
| 1.6 (AT190) | 1992 - 1997 | 4A-FE | 73 | 1587 |
TOYOTA MR2 I (AW1_) |
||||
| 1.6 16V (AW11) | 1984 - 1990 | 4A-GELC | 85 | 1587 |
| 1.6 16V (AW11) | 1984 - 1990 | 4A-GEL | 91 | 1587 |
| 1.6 16V (AW11) | 1984 - 1989 | 4A-GEL | 96 | 1587 |
TOYOTA CAMRY Liftback (_V1_) |
||||
| 1.8 (SV10_, SV10R) | 1983 - 1986 | 1S-L | 66 | 1832 |
| 1.8 Turbo-D (CV10_, CV10R) | 1982 - 1986 | 1C-TL | 54 | 1839 |
| 2.0 (SV11) | 1983 - 1986 | 2S-ELC | 77 | 1995 |
| 2.0 (SV11_) | 1983 - 1986 | 2S-ELC | 73 | 1995 |
| 2.0 (SV11_) | 1983 - 1986 | 2S-EL | 78 | 1995 |
| 2.0 (SV11_) | 1983 - 1986 | 2S-ELC | 71 | 1995 |
| 2.0 D (CV11_) | 1985 - 1986 | 2C-TLC | 71 | 1974 |
TOYOTA CAMRY Stufenheck (_V1_) |
||||
| 1.8 (SV10_, SV10R) | 1983 - 1986 | 1S-L | 66 | 1832 |
| 1.8 Turbo-D (CV10_, CV10R) | 1982 - 1986 | 1C-TL, 1C-TLC | 54 | 1839 |
| 2.0 | 1983 - 1988 | 3S-FE | 88 | 1998 |
| 2.0 (SV11_) | 1983 - 1986 | 2S-E, 2S-ELC | 73 | 1995 |
| 2.0 (SV11_, SV11R) | 1983 - 1986 | 2S-EL | 79 | 1995 |
| 2.0 TD (CV11_, CV11R) | 1983 - 1986 | 2C-TL, 2C-TLC | 62 | 1974 |
TOYOTA CAMRY Kombi (_V2_) |
||||
| 1.8 (SV20_, SV20RG) | 1986 - 1989 | 1S | 66 | 1832 |
| 2.0 (SV21_, SV21) | 1986 - 1991 | 3S-FE | 94 | 1998 |
| 2.0 (SV21_, SV21RG) | 1986 - 1993 | 3S-FE | 89 | 1998 |
| 2.0 (SV22) | 1989 - 1991 | 3S-FC | 82 | 1998 |
TOYOTA COROLLA Kombi (_E7_) |
||||
| 1.8 D (TE72LG_, CE70RG) | 1983 - 1987 | 1C | 44 | 1839 |
TOYOTA CAMRY (_V2_) |
||||
| 2.0 (SV21_, SV21) | 1986 - 1991 | 3S-FE | 94 | 1998 |
| 2.0 (SV21_, SV21R) | 1986 - 1993 | 3S-FE | 89 | 1998 |
| 2.0 (SV22, SV21) | 1989 - 1991 | 3S-FC | 82 | 1998 |
| 2.0 4WD (SV25_, SV25) | 1987 - 1991 | 3S-FE | 88 | 1998 |
| 2.0 4WD (SV25_, SV25) | 1988 - 1991 | 3S-FE | 94 | 1998 |
| 2.5 (VZV21_, VZV21R) | 1986 - 1991 | 2VZ-FE | 118 | 2507 |
TOYOTA MR2 II (SW2_) |
||||
| 2.0 16V (SW20_, SW20R) | 1989 - 1999 | 3S-GE | 115 | 1998 |
| 2.2 (SW21_) | 1992 - 1995 | 5S-FE | 100 | 2164 |
TOYOTA CELICA Cabriolet (_T16_) |
||||
| 2.0 GT (ST162) | 1985 - 1989 | 3S-GELC | 103 | 1998 |
| 2.0 GT (ST162) | 1986 - 1989 | 3S-GEL | 110 | 1998 |
TOYOTA CALDINA Kombi (_T19_) |
||||
| 2.0 TD (CT190) | 1994 - 1997 | 2C | 56 | 1974 |
Sada brzdových platničiek kotúčovej brzdy ASHUKI by Palidium
0,00 €
Autodiely > Sada brzdových platničiek kotúčovej brzdy ASHUKI by Palidium